Headroom
Definition
Headroom is the difference between your normal listening level and the amplifier's maximum clean output. Music is not a constant signal. Drum hits, bass notes, and orchestral peaks (transients) can sit well above the average level. Headroom is the spare capacity that covers those peaks without clipping.
Formula
In acoustic terms, doubling amplifier power adds 3 dB of headroom. Quadrupling power adds 6 dB.
| Base power | 3 dB headroom | 6 dB headroom |
|---|---|---|
| 50W | 100W | 200W |
| 100W | 200W | 400W |
Build HiFi scores recommended pairings from the speaker's minimum recommended amp power. The target is 3 dB above that minimum (2× min). The top of the recommended band is 6 dB (4× min). Both are capped at the published maximum. A very high manufacturer max is a programme or damage ceiling, not a pairing target.
In a stereo system
Aim for about 3 dB of headroom for typical listening. Use closer to 6 dB for very dynamic music at high volume, or for low-sensitivity speakers. An underpowered amp driven into clipping is more likely to damage tweeters than a more powerful amp running cleanly below its limit.
